Oh, Notre Dame. You messed up.

Marcus Freeman hosted Utah offensive coordinator Andy Ludwig on campus this past Friday and Saturday while news about other candidates stopped and the reporting went cold throughout the entire weekend. All signs pointed to Ludwig joining Notre Dame once he returned to Salt Lake City, got his affairs in order, and informed head coach Kyle Whittingham of his decision.

However, late Monday morning news broke that Ludwig would be staying at Utah. So, Notre Dame is back to square one searching for a new OC (and new OL coach too!) as we enter day 11 since Tommy Rees left for Alabama.

1) If this deal truly did collapse due to Notre Dame being unable or unwilling to pay Ludwig’s $2.8 million buyout it leaves a terrible taste in my mouth. Setting aside that figure for a second, the optics of bringing Ludwig to campus only to swing and miss so publicly like this is awful PR for Notre Dame and complicates the search for a new offensive coordinator and other assistants, too.

2) However, something doesn’t smell right about a $2.8 million buyout. How is that possible? Did we just enter the “release clause” era of college football? Ludwig was reportedly making $1.25 million per season at Utah and that math is difficult to figure out. Ludwig signed a 3-year deal at Utah in 2019 for $2.5 million TOTAL and there’s really no reporting on his 2022 salary or new contract. Then, we have reporting from the Notre Dame side that Ludwig signed a new deal 2 weeks ago which brought this huge buyout of 3/4 of his full new contract. That sounds awfully dirty in a way, but a pretty crafty move by Utah.

3) I was skeptical of Notre Dame getting Ludwig at the very beginning. He’s on the older side, was entrenched at Utah with deep ties to Whittingham, had a veteran quarterback coming back for 2023 (although they just confirmed he tore his ACL in the bowl game so his status is TBD), and had a great thing going with back-to-back conference titles in the Pac-12. No one was really sure of his recruiting prowess, either. I don’t know, it just felt like something that was always going to be tough to pull off.

4) If you’d like to feel better about the situation, I’m not sold that Ludwig was going to be a great fit at Notre Dame anyway. I ended up liking him a lot more after digging deeper, although long-term concerns about his ability to develop and sustain quarterback and wide receiver play could’ve been a frustrating factor down the road.

5) What is Sam Hartman thinking right now? Talk of him leaving with or because Rees was taking another job got nipped in the bud pretty quickly. He does seem pretty locked in to Notre Dame and as you’ll see below I don’t think he had cause to be super excited about Ludwig coming to Notre Dame from his quarterbacking perspective. Still, this chaos and instability isn’t great and could harm his final season in college.

I had this write up ready for Ludwig and out of spite I’m just going to keep it here and publish it today anyway, enjoy.

*****

Born in Utah, Ludwig played receiver at Snow College then Portland State while his coaching career began in 1987. His first big job came as quarterbacks coach at Boise State for 1995-96 right before the Broncos became a national power in college football. He then coordinated an impressive 10-1 Cal Poly team in 1997 and immediately moved on the following stops–and coached the following quarterbacks–over the last quarter century:

  • Fresno State (1998-2001) with Billy Volek for 2 years then the last 2 years with future no. 1 NFL pick David Carr.
  • Oregon (2002-04) with Jason Fife and 2 years of Kellen Clemens.
  • Utah (2005-08) with Brett Ratliff, and 3 years of (current Eagles QB coach) Brian Johnson.
  • California (2009-10) with Kevin Riley and Brock Mansion.
  • San Diego State (2011-12) with Ryan Lindley, Ryan Katz, and Adam Dingwell.
  • Wisconsin (2013-14) with Joel Stave and Tanner McEvoy.
  • Vanderbilt (2015-18) with Johnny McCrary and 3+ years with Kyle Shurmur.
  • Utah (2019-22) with Tyler Huntley, Jake Bentley and 2 years of Cameron Rising.

Ludwig has coordinated offenses under head coaches Pat Hill, Mike Bellotti, Kyle Wittingham, Jeff Tedford, Rocky Long, Gary Andersen, and Derek Mason over that time period.

The Ludwig Offensive Scheme

As you can imagine for someone who has been coordinating so long and came up through the proliferation of the spread offense, Ludwig has been fairly flexible with his scheme while balancing a team’s identity with its current personnel. He’s used wide open finesse spread offenses back in his Fresno days, West Coast offenses, pro-style offenses, and especially in his 2nd stint with Utah he was a mixture of power spread concepts and pro-style concepts behind gap run blocking.

While he’s had plenty of success with quarterbacks, Ludwig has coached some really talented running backs. The following have run for 1,000 yards in a single season under Ludwig:

Jaime Kimbrough, Fresno State
Paris Gaines, Freson State
Terrence Whitehead, Oregon
Onterrio Smith, Oregon
Darrell Mack, Utah
Quinton Ganther, Utah
Shane Vereen, California
Adam Muema, San Diego State
Ronnie Hillman, San Diego State
James White, Wisconsin
Melvin Gordon, Wisconsin
Ralph Webb, Vanderbilt
Ke’Shawn Vaughn, Vanderbilt
Zach Moss, Utah
Tavion Thomas, Utah

He’s also coached other talented running backs like Corey Clement (Wisconsin), Jahvid Best (California), and Matt Asiata (Utah) who were great backups or just missed out on the 1,000 yard mark.

Does Andy Ludwig fit in with Notre Dame? For what Marcus Freeman was reportedly interested in keeping as an identity for the program this is the exact type of coordinator to hire. If this is a 3-4 year arrangement the relationship should work really well, although for 2023 there will need to be some adjustments made.

It’ll be interesting to see how Ludwig utilizes an offense with Sam Hartman under center. Throwing deep was a big part of Hartman’s game at Wake Forest and this was far from a strength in the recent Utah offenses. Ludwig also utilized quarterback runs a lot for the Utes which isn’t a huge strength for Hartman, either.

Hartman also threw the ball a lot at Wake Forest, too. We knew this proliferation of chucking it through the air would be dialed back at Notre Dame and hiring Ludwig is almost certainly a strong movement in that direction. Hartman has averaged over 300 yards passing each of the last 2 seasons while Ludwig has coached plenty of sub-200 yard seasons and has topped out at around 240 yards per game.

Ludwig Stats

YEAR TEAM RUN % FEI
2022 Utah 55.6% 16
2021 Utah 57.6% 7
2020 Utah 55.0% 103
2019 Utah 64.6% 15
2018 Vanderbilt 51.0% 23
2017 Vanderbilt 46.3% 49
2016 Vanderbilt 55.7% 85
2015 Vanderbilt 56.8% 116
2014 Wisconsin 66.8% 17
2013 Wisconsin 61.0% 23
2012 San Diego State 65.1% 53
2011 San Diego State 51.9% 55
2010 California 56.3% 75
2009 California 54.5% 43

In terms of formations, look, philosophy, and overall feel to the offense these are some things I’ve noticed:

Ludwig loves using tight ends and this had to be a massive selling point for Notre Dame. I went back through his last 10 years and 12 personnel is definitely his preferred base formation and he’s not shy about 13 personnel, either. He will use tight ends as H-backs or fullbacks but more generally deploys this position in a more modern manner both running routes and blocking all over the field.

You don’t typically see Ludwig spread the field out, instead favoring a proliferation of tight sets keeping receivers and tight ends close to the ball. In terms of the run game, receivers are a huge part of the blocking up front.

Going under center with the quarterback is definitely a feature. At times, the Ludwig offense can look a little basic as he relies upon a lot of one-back sets from under center without a bunch of fancy blocking. There’s a not insignificant amount of motion and pulling blockers but large stretches of games have a fundamental power gap blocking with a single-set back. While under center, the offense uses a ton of play-action with the quarterback rolling out to great effect.

Ludwig will face the most questions about his passing concepts and ability to move the ball through the air. At times, he won’t be shy about spreading the field out with 4 or 5-receiver sets (often including a tight end of course) but overall he favors a lot of short routes and especially crossing routes. If Notre Dame fans were looking for an explosive, vertical passing attack that’s probably not in the cards with Ludwig coordinating things.

***

GIF Time

Here’s one of the base tight formations:

You don’t see Ludwig’s offense spreading the field out to the sidelines a ton. In fact, I noticed in many of Utah’s game the cameraman adjusts for an incredibly zoomed in shot for television because all 11 players are in the close angle.

I looked at this as a “standard” Ludwing run play with 8 blockers up front:

I wanted to watch this game against Florida really closely. It was the season opener so Ludwig had time to prepare and I was curious how Utah approached a more “talented” SEC defense. For whatever reason, they didn’t utilize much pulling from blockers against the Gators. There was just a lot of ManBall™ blocking of “we’re blowing a hole through his gap” with 238-pound Tavion Thomas running through it.

There’s no denying that Ludwig’s running game has been extremely productive, especially the last 2 seasons at Utah. They led all of Power 5 in rushing average in 2021 (5.58 yards per carry) and were 9th nationally this past season (5.44 yards per carry). With 6,088 rushing yards and 75 rushing touchdowns from 2021-22, Ludwig basically put together Notre Dame’s 2017 #33Trucking campaign in back-to-back seasons.

Here’s a look at play-action from under center using Cam Rising’s mobility:

Although not super exciting or sexy, this play-action was a big part to Rising developing into a more efficient passer in 2022.

As witnessed against USC, you are forced to respect the Ludwig run game and it can leave you exposed to these quick play-action passes:

That’s 6’3″ 263-pound tight end/fullback Logan Kendall as the lead blocker out of the I-formation, by the way. It’ll be interesting to see how often Ludwig uses a tight end at Notre Dame in this role. Kendall didn’t carry the ball at all in 2022, but caught 5 passes and 1 touchdown.

It seems like Ludwig will spend long stretches under center in a more traditional run game but then will make a hard switch during a series or two by going shotgun and utilizing the read-option.

Rising was particularly devastating running the ball this way totaling 964 yards and 12 touchdowns at 6.3 yards a pop over the last 2 seasons–and that’s with sacks included!

Ludwig’s bread and butter is the crossing route:

This is where his West Coast scheme comes into play. This is another tight formation but with 5 pass catchers who run routes, and all but 1 are less than 10 yards pass the line of scrimmage at the time of the completion. Ludwig likes to run a very controlled passing game that attacks the field horizontally. There’s a primacy on efficiency and protecting the football.

Even when Ludwig spreads the offense out like in this 4-wide set, the concept remains the same:

He’s looking for a lot of quick, safe reads to “dink and dunk” the ball down the field.

Utah would attack down field occasionally, but more often targeted their excellent tight end Dalton Kincaid over the middle and down the seam a lot for their chunk plays like in this 5-wide set:

Kincaid dominated at Utah with 106 receptions,  1,400 yards, and 16 touchdowns over the last 2 seasons, numbers a little below but in the neighborhood of Michael Mayer.

Ludwig & Notre Dame

This is a curious hire for Notre Dame but perhaps expected based off Freeman’s wishes to build the program around tough line play up front on offense. Here are some thoughts on Ludwig and his fit with the Irish:

  • I often read how Notre Dame should build around its traditional recruiting strengths and then people rattle off every position in some order rarely including wide receiver. This is definitely not a wide receiver friendly offense. Since 2009, Ludwig has only coached one wideout who broke 1,000 yards in a season and that was Wisconsin’s Jared Abbrederis catching an absurd 78 passes from 109 total receptions from Badgers’ receivers in 2013. Taking out the 2020 Covid year, the top wideout in the Ludwig offense has averaged 753 yards per season since 2009.
  • This does look like the absolute picture perfect offense for Tyler Buchner to grow into and I couldn’t help but think that about the future.
  • With Sam Hartman, it seems like an odd fit at best. He’s not the excellent athlete type who can boost the run game and he’s been the antithesis of a ball-control dink and dunk quarterback in the past. Clearly, Ludwig will open up the passing game more with Hartman under center, though. And this is probably a good opportunity for Hartman to prove he can protect the football and still be an efficient quarterback.
  • This gap blocking scheme means Notre Dame’s offensive linemen should be getting larger, particularly on the interior.
  • The type of blocking and running game will suit Audric Estime perfectly and only strengthens my conviction that he should become the clear no. 1 tailback in 2023. Ludwig really loves using a bigger main running back.
  • If you’re a tight end at Notre Dame you have to love how much you will play under Ludgwig and be used in a variety of ways, too.
  • My instinct is that this system will be too ManBall™ adjacent and we will be frustrated at times with it getting bogged down, not developing a lethal enough passing game compared to other top programs, and generally struggling against the elite defenses across the country. But I think really, really leaning into Notre Dame’s recruiting strengths is a solid decision and Sam Hartman being able to take Ludwig to new heights with his passing talent offers an intriguing mix for the future.
  • I went back and watched the 2018 game against Vanderbilt which has been the only time Ludwig faced Notre Dame. If you recall, this was one of the red flag games from Brandon Wimbush. Notre Dame slowed down the Commodores’ run game pretty well but quarterback Kyle Shurmur impressed with 326 yards through the air, which included several key pass break-ups from Julian Love and Troy Pride. But, Vanderbilt ended up with 23 first downs, 420 yards (40 more yards than the Irish), and won the YPP battle by almost a full yard.